Class 8 Science Chapter 12 Some Natural Phenomena

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I. Chapter Summary:

This chapter introduces students to natural phenomena like lightning and earthquakes, explaining the science behind these events, safety measures, and preparedness. It elaborates on how static electricity is formed, how charges interact, and how lightning is a discharge of static electricity. The chapter also discusses the Richter scale, the structure of the Earth, and steps to stay safe before, during, and after an earthquake. Emphasis is placed on disaster awareness and community response.

II. Key Concepts Covered:

III. Important Questions:

(A) Multiple Choice Questions (1 Mark):

1. Lightning is caused due to:
   a) Rain
   b) High wind
   c) Electric discharge ✔️
   d) Humidity

2. Which instrument measures seismic waves?
   a) Barometer
   b) Seismograph ✔️
   c) Thermometer
   d) Altimeter

3. What kind of charge is developed on glass when rubbed with silk?
   a) Negative
   b) Positive ✔️
   c) Neutral
   d) None

4. Earthquake is caused by:
   a) Storm
   b) Underground nuclear blast
   c) Tectonic plate movement ✔️
   d) Lightning

(B) Short Answer Questions (2/3 Marks):

1. What are the two types of charges? How do they interact? (PYQ 2020)

2. What is a seismograph? (PYQ 2019)

3. State two precautions to be taken during a lightning storm.

4. Why is it safer to stay inside a car during lightning?

(C) Long Answer Questions (5 Marks):

1. Explain how lightning occurs. What safety measures should we take during a thunderstorm? (PYQ 2021)

2. What are earthquakes? How are they measured? Describe three safety tips to follow during an earthquake.

3. Describe the working of a lightning conductor.

4. How can you prepare your family for an earthquake-prone area? Explain with steps.

(D) HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills):

1. Why is it advised not to take shelter under trees during lightning?

2. Earthquake-resistant buildings are crucial in seismic zones. Justify with examples.

IV. Key Formulas/Concepts:

V. Deleted Portions (CBSE 2025–2026):

No portions have been deleted from this chapter as per the rationalized NCERT textbooks.

VI. Chapter-Wise Marks Bifurcation (Estimated – CBSE 2025–2026):

VII. Previous Year Questions (PYQs):

VIII. Real-World Application Examples to Connect with Topics:

• Earthquake drills in schools and offices for safety readiness.

• Lightning protection systems in tall structures and open stadiums.

• Seismological departments monitor and issue alerts using real-time data.

• Mobile alerts for earthquakes and disaster preparedness in smart cities.

IX. Student Tips & Strategies for Success (Class-Specific):

Time Management:

• Allocate 15 minutes weekly to revise diagrams and safety protocols.

• Watch animated videos to understand lightning and earthquake mechanisms.

Exam Preparation:

• Learn Richter scale and safety steps like a flowchart.

• Draw well-labeled diagrams of lightning conductor and seismograph.

Stress Management:

• Be aware that natural phenomena can’t be prevented, but preparation reduces risks.

• Practice mock drills and awareness discussions with family/classmates.

X. Career Guidance & Exploration (Class-Specific):

For Class 9–10 Students:

Explore:

• CBSE Science & Safety Exhibitions, Mock Disaster Drills, NTSE, Young Geoscientists Program

XI. Important Notes:

• Always follow safety protocols during storms and earthquakes.

• Learn differences between natural phenomena and human-induced events.

• Refer to ncert.nic.in and cbseacademic.nic.in for latest updates.