Class 8 Science Chapter 3 Coal And Petroleum

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I. Chapter Summary:

This chapter introduces students to natural resources, focusing on fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas. It explains their formation, uses, and the process of fractional distillation. The chapter distinguishes between exhaustible and inexhaustible resources and emphasizes the need for resource conservation. Students also learn about by-products like coke, coal tar, and coal gas, and their industrial importance. The chapter concludes with a discussion on pollution, resource management, and the importance of using fossil fuels judiciously to ensure sustainable development.

II. Key Concepts Covered:

III. Important Questions:

(A) Multiple Choice Questions (1 Mark):

1. Which of the following is an exhaustible natural resource?
   a) Sunlight
   b) Air
   c) Coal ✔️
   d) Water

2. Which is the purest form of carbon obtained from coal?
   a) Coal tar
   b) Coke ✔️
   c) Coal gas
   d) Charcoal

3. Petroleum is a mixture of:
   a) Water and oil
   b) Useful and harmful substances
   c) Various hydrocarbons ✔️
   d) Acids and alcohol

4. Which of the following fuels causes least air pollution?
   a) Petrol
   b) Diesel
   c) Coal
   d) CNG ✔️

(B) Short Answer Questions (2/3 Marks):

1. Why are fossil fuels called exhaustible resources? (PYQ 2020)

2. Name three products obtained from coal. Mention their uses.

3. What is petroleum refining? (PYQ 2021)

4. Why is natural gas considered an ideal fuel?

(C) Long Answer Questions (5 Marks):

1. Explain the process of formation of coal and petroleum. (PYQ 2022)

2. Describe how coal is processed to obtain useful products.

3. Discuss the impact of using fossil fuels on the environment.

4. List and explain any four ways to conserve fossil fuels. (PYQ 2019)

(D) HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills):

1. If fossil fuels are formed over millions of years, how should we plan their usage today?

2. Why is CNG considered better than petrol or diesel for vehicles in cities?

IV. Key Formulas/Concepts:

V. Deleted Portions (CBSE 2025–2026):

No portions have been deleted from this chapter as per the rationalized NCERT textbooks.

VI. Chapter-Wise Marks Bifurcation (Estimated – CBSE 2025–2026):

VII. Previous Year Questions (PYQs):

VIII. Real-World Application Examples to Connect with Topics:

• Petrol and diesel cars vs CNG buses highlight environmental impact.

• Bitumen from coal tar is used for laying roads.

• Natural gas used in kitchens (PNG) is safer and cleaner than LPG.

• Industrial plants using coke for smelting metals show real-world uses of coal by-products.

IX. Student Tips & Strategies for Success (Class-Specific):

Time Management:

• Create a chart of resources: types, examples, exhaustibility.

• Use real-life fuel consumption data from home to connect with usage.

Exam Preparation:

• Memorize key products of coal and petroleum with their uses.

• Practice labelled diagrams of refining column and coal processing flow.

Stress Management:

• Discuss current energy crisis topics to understand urgency and relevance.

• Use visual aids (videos/animations) for complex processes like refining.

X. Career Guidance & Exploration (Class-Specific):

For Class 9–10 Students:

Explore:

• NTSE, Energy-themed Olympiads, Petroleum Awareness Campaigns, Energy Clubs

XI. Important Notes:

• Diagrams such as petroleum refining tower are frequently asked. Practice them well.

• Connect this chapter to Class 10’s Sustainable Management of Natural Resources.

• Always follow ncert.nic.in and cbseacademic.nic.in for official updates.