Class 8 Science Chapter 7 Reaching the Age of Adolescence

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I. Chapter Summary:

This chapter explains the biological and emotional changes that occur during adolescence, the phase between childhood and adulthood. It discusses puberty, the onset of reproductive maturity, and the role of hormones in controlling physical and emotional changes. It introduces the endocrine system, the male and female reproductive hormones, the secondary sexual characteristics, and the importance of personal hygiene and nutrition during adolescence. The chapter also emphasizes mental and social development and highlights the need for self-awareness and balanced lifestyle.

II. Key Concepts Covered:

III. Important Questions:

(A) Multiple Choice Questions (1 Mark):

1. Adolescence usually begins around the age of:
   a) 5 years
   b) 10 years
   c) 11 years ✔️
   d) 20 years

2. The hormone responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characters is:
   a) Estrogen
   b) Testosterone ✔️
   c) Insulin
   d) Adrenaline

3. The gland that is called the “master gland” is:
   a) Thyroid
   b) Pancreas
   c) Pituitary ✔️
   d) Adrenal

4. Menstruation occurs in:
   a) Boys
   b) Girls ✔️
   c) Both
   d) None

(B) Short Answer Questions (2/3 Marks):

1. Define puberty. List two changes seen in girls during puberty. (PYQ 2021)

2. What are hormones? Name two endocrine glands.

3. Why is a balanced diet important during adolescence? (PYQ 2019)

4. Mention any three changes that take place in boys during adolescence.

(C) Long Answer Questions (5 Marks):

1. Describe the changes that occur in both boys and girls during puberty. (PYQ 2020)

2. What is menstruation? What hygienic practices should girls follow during menstruation?

3. Explain the role of hormones in initiating reproductive functions in humans.

4. Discuss the importance of personal hygiene and physical exercise during adolescence.

(D) HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills):

1. Why are adolescents more prone to acne and mood swings? Explain with scientific reasoning.

2. How do you think peer pressure can affect the mental health of adolescents?

IV. Key Formulas/Concepts:

V. Deleted Portions (CBSE 2025–2026):

No portions have been deleted from this chapter as per the rationalized NCERT textbooks.

VI. Chapter-Wise Marks Bifurcation (Estimated – CBSE 2025–2026):

VII. Previous Year Questions (PYQs):

VIII. Real-World Application Examples to Connect with Topics:

• Menstrual hygiene campaigns promote awareness and dignity among adolescent girls.

• Athletes and fitness trainers highlight the importance of nutrition and exercise.

• Skin changes like acne are commonly experienced and treated during adolescence.

• Adolescence education programs in schools foster mental and emotional well-being.

IX. Student Tips & Strategies for Success (Class-Specific):

Time Management:

• Allocate 20 minutes weekly to revising gland functions and hormones.

• Use flowcharts and diagrams to learn puberty-related changes.

Exam Preparation:

• Practice diagram labeling (male and female endocrine system).

• Create tables to differentiate between boy vs girl changes or types of glands.

Stress Management:

• Talk to teachers or guardians about doubts or personal concerns.

• Journaling or hobbies can help balance emotions during adolescence.

X. Career Guidance & Exploration (Class-Specific):

For Class 9–10 Students:

Explore:

• NTSE, CBSE Wellness Programs, UNICEF Adolescent Health Campaigns, Mental Health Quizzes

XI. Important Notes:

• Focus on understanding concepts of physical and hormonal changes.

• Avoid myths and rely on scientific facts provided in the NCERT textbook.

• Stay updated via ncert.nic.in and cbseacademic.nic.in.