Class 8 Social Science (Resource And Development) Chapter 3 Agriculture

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I. Chapter Summary:

This chapter focuses on agriculture as a primary economic activity, explaining its importance in sustaining human life and economies. It explores different types of farming, major crops, and the factors influencing agricultural practices across the world. Students learn about subsistence farming, commercial farming, and plantation agriculture. The chapter also covers the modern methods of farming, technological advancements, and the importance of sustainable agricultural practices. It connects agriculture with livelihood, food security, and the environment.

II. Key Concepts Covered:

III. Important Questions:

(A) Multiple Choice Questions (1 Mark):

1. Which of the following is a commercial crop?
   a) Wheat
   b) Rice
   c) Cotton ✔️
   d) Bajra

2. Tea is mainly grown in:
   a) Rajasthan
   b) Kerala
   c) Assam ✔️
   d) Gujarat

3. Shifting cultivation is also known as:
   a) Organic farming
   b) Slash and burn ✔️
   c) Terrace farming
   d) Mixed farming

4. What is the primary aim of subsistence farming?
   a) Export
   b) Profit
   c) Family consumption ✔️
   d) Industrial use

(B) Short Answer Questions (2/3 Marks):

1. Define plantation agriculture. Give two examples. (PYQ 2020)

2. Mention three factors that affect agriculture.

3. Differentiate between commercial and subsistence farming.

4. What is a farm system? Explain its components.

(C) Long Answer Questions (5 Marks):

1. Describe the main features of commercial farming with examples. (PYQ 2021)

2. Explain the process and importance of agricultural development.

3. How do physical and human factors influence agriculture?

4. Discuss the impact of technology on agriculture with suitable examples.

(D) HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills):

1. Why is sustainable agriculture important in today’s world?

2. How can government policies support farmers in improving agricultural productivity?

IV. Key Formulas/Concepts:

V. Deleted Portions (CBSE 2025–2026):

No portions have been deleted from this chapter as per the rationalized NCERT textbooks.

VI. Chapter-Wise Marks Bifurcation (Estimated – CBSE 2025–2026):

VII. Previous Year Questions (PYQs):

VIII. Real-World Application Examples to Connect with Topics:

• Drip irrigation and greenhouse farming in Israel as models of agricultural innovation.

• Tea estates in Assam and coffee plantations in Karnataka reflect plantation agriculture.

• Use of satellite data and mobile apps to predict weather and support farmers in India.

• Contract farming and e-NAM (National Agricultural Market) as market linkage initiatives.

IX. Student Tips & Strategies for Success (Class-Specific):

Time Management:

• Set 2 study sessions per week to revise theory and practice maps together.

• Use visual aids like crop charts and farm system diagrams for clarity.

Exam Preparation:

• Prepare notes on types of farming with comparison tables.

• Practice past year map work and diagrams (e.g., crop belts of India).

Stress Management:

• Create flashcards for crop names, regions, and farming types.

• Use storytelling—relate farming types to family history or known farmers.

X. Career Guidance & Exploration (Class-Specific):

For Class 9–10 Students:

Explore:

• ICAR Junior Exams, NTSE, and Agro-based Olympiads.

• Field visits to farms or agriculture expos to understand innovations.

XI. Important Notes:

• Use ncert.nic.in and cbseacademic.nic.in for latest updates.

• Focus on maps of India showing major crops and types of farming.

• Link with other chapters like soil (Chapter 2) to show interdependence.