Chapter 4 of Class 8 Social Science, Judiciary, explains the role and functioning of the judiciary in India. The judiciary is responsible for interpreting and upholding the law, ensuring justice, and protecting the rights of citizens. The chapter outlines the structure of the Indian judiciary, with the Supreme Court at its apex, followed by High Courts and lower courts. It highlights how the judiciary acts as a guardian of the Constitution, resolves disputes, and reviews laws to ensure they are fair and just. The chapter also emphasizes the independence of the judiciary, which is crucial for maintaining a fair and impartial legal system. Lastly, it discusses how the judiciary safeguards individual rights and ensures that laws are applied equally to all citizens, thereby promoting justice and equality in society.