Class 8 Social Science (Our Past III) Chapter 2 From Trade Of Territory

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I. Chapter Summary:

This chapter discusses how the British East India Company transformed from a trading company into a political ruler in India. It begins with the Battle of Plassey (1757) and Battle of Buxar (1764), which marked the beginning of Company rule in Bengal and other parts of India. It explains how Robert Clive, Lord Warren Hastings, and others used diplomacy, military force, and policies like subsidiary alliance and doctrine of lapse to expand British control.

The chapter also introduces Indian rulers who resisted the Company, such as Tipu Sultan of Mysore and the Marathas. Students learn about the gradual decline of Mughal power, annexation of princely states, and how British administrative and military policies affected Indian society.

II. Key Concepts Covered:

III. Important Questions:

(A) Multiple Choice Questions (1 Mark):

1. The Battle of Plassey was fought in:
   a) 1756
   b) 1757 ✔️
   c) 1764
   d) 1803

2. Who introduced the Doctrine of Lapse?
   a) Lord Hastings
   b) Lord Canning
   c) Lord Dalhousie ✔️
   d) Robert Clive

3. Who was the ruler of Mysore who fought against the British?
   a) Haider Ali
   b) Tipu Sultan ✔️
   c) Baji Rao
   d) Sirajuddaulah

4. The East India Company was originally a:
   a) Political party
   b) Military group
   c) Trading company ✔️
   d) Religious group

(B) Short Answer Questions (2/3 Marks):

1. What was the significance of the Battle of Buxar? (PYQ 2021)

2. Define the Subsidiary Alliance system.

3. How did Tipu Sultan resist the British?

4. What was the Doctrine of Lapse? Give one example of its application. (PYQ 2020)

(C) Long Answer Questions (5 Marks):

1. Describe how the East India Company became the political ruler of India. (PYQ 2022)

2. Explain the role of major battles in the expansion of British rule in India.

3. Compare the policies of Subsidiary Alliance and Doctrine of Lapse.

4. What impact did British expansion have on Indian rulers and kingdoms?

(D) HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills):

1. If Tipu Sultan had defeated the British, how might Indian history have changed?

2. Do you think British policies were purely for administration or hidden expansionist motives? Justify.

IV. Key Concepts / Definitions:

V. Deleted Portions (CBSE 2025–2026):

No portions have been deleted from this chapter as per the rationalized NCERT textbooks.

VI. Chapter-Wise Marks Bifurcation (Estimated – CBSE 2025–2026):

VII. Previous Year Questions (PYQs):

VIII. Real-World Application Examples to Connect with Topics:

• Modern Diplomacy vs. Subsidiary Alliances: Understanding political influence through treaties.

• Leadership Studies: Tipu Sultan as a case study in resistance and state-building.

• Business to Power: Exploring how trade companies today still influence national policies.

IX. Student Tips & Strategies for Success:

 Time Management:

• Study in timeline blocks: 1757 → 1764 → 1799 → 1856.

• Use battle flowcharts and mind maps to revise policies.

 Exam Preparation:

• Practice past years’ map questions: locate Bengal, Mysore, Awadh, Jhansi.

• Prepare short notes on key figures (Clive, Tipu Sultan, Dalhousie).

 Stress Management:

• Watch animated or documentary videos on Plassey and Tipu Sultan.

• Use group quiz games to revise dates and events.

X. Career Guidance & Exploration (Class-Specific):

For Classes 9–10:

XI. Important Notes:

•  Refer to official updates at: https://cbseacademic.nic.in

•  Always correlate policies with events and their outcomes.

• Don’t memorize battles—understand causes, events, and consequences.