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Class 8 Social Science (Our Past III) Chapter 4 Tribals, Dikus And the Vision Of A Golden Age

In this quiz, students will explore the historical and social dynamics discussed in Chapter 4 of Class 8 Social Science (Our Past III), titled "Tribals, Dikus, and the Vision of a Golden Age." The chapter delves into the lives of tribal communities, their interactions with outsiders (referred to as 'Dikus'), and the impact of colonial rule on their traditions and way of life. It also examines the vision of a utopian golden age that many tribal communities sought as a means of resisting exploitation and cultural disruption. Through this quiz, students will gain a deeper understanding of the challenges faced by tribal people, including land alienation, forced labor, and the attempts to preserve their culture and autonomy. The quiz will assess knowledge on the historical events, key figures, and the socio-political movements that arose in response to these struggles. This assessment aims to reinforce the students' grasp of the chapter's themes while promoting critical thinking about the long-term effects of colonialism on indigenous populations.

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Category: Introduction

1. Which community relied on hunting and gathering forest produce for their survival?

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Category: Who was Birsa Munda?

2. What was a significant outcome of Birsa Munda\'s movement on colonial policies?

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Category: Tribal leader from the Munda community in Chotanagpur (Jharkhand).

3. What significant outcome resulted from Birsa Munda's movement despite its suppression by the British?

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Category: Led a movement to free his people from the oppression of the dikus (outsiders).

4. (A) Birsa Munda’s movement aimed to establish a Munda Raj by driving out missionaries, moneylenders, landlords, and the colonial government.
(R) Birsa believed that these forces were responsible for the misery and oppression of the Mundas.

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Category: Believed in restoring the tribal way of life.

5. What did Birsa Munda refer to as the “golden age” in his teachings?

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Category: Who were the Dikus?

6. Why did the tribals view moneylenders and traders as evil outsiders?

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Category: Term used by tribals for outsiders (moneylenders, traders, landlords, missionaries, British officials).

7. What term did the tribal people use to refer to opponents like moneylenders, traders, landlords, missionaries, and British officials?

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Category: Seen as exploiters and destroyers of the tribal way of life.

8. What did the white flag symbolise in Birsa Munda's movement?

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Category: How Did Tribal Groups Live?

9. What is the primary characteristic of jhum cultivation?

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Category: Different Occupations of Tribals

10. What was the primary reason tribal groups like the Khonds relied on forests for their survival?

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Category: Jhum Cultivation (Shifting Cultivation)

11. (A) Jhum cultivators used the axe to cut trees and the hoe to scratch the soil for cultivation.
(R) The use of axe and hoe was necessary to prepare the land for shifting cultivation.

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Category: Practiced in forests, involved clearing land by burning vegetation.

12. What tool was primarily used by tribal groups practicing jhum cultivation to prepare the soil for planting seeds?

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Category: Seeds scattered instead of ploughing.

13. Which tool is primarily used by tribal people to scratch the soil in preparation for jhum cultivation?

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Category: Common in northeast and central India.

14. Why did tribal groups often find themselves in debt when dealing with traders and moneylenders?

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Category: Hunting and Gathering

15. Which of the following forest products was used by the Khonds to extract oil for cooking?

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Category: Hunting and Gathering

16. What was one of the primary uses of mahua flowers by the Khonds?

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Category: Khonds of Orissa were expert hunters and gatherers.

17. For which purpose did the Khonds use forest shrubs and herbs?

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Category: Khonds of Orissa were expert hunters and gatherers.

18. (A) The Khonds of Orissa were dependent on forests for their survival.
(R) They hunted animals, gathered forest produce, and used forest resources for medicinal purposes.

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Category: Collected forest products (fruits, roots, medicinal herbs).

19. According to Verrier Elwin, what activity did Baiga women perform during the Chait month?

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Category: Collected forest products (fruits, roots, medicinal herbs).

20. Which of the following did the Khonds tribe primarily use for medicinal purposes?

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Category: Sold produce in local markets or exchanged goods.

21. (A) Tribal groups often sold forest produce in local markets to obtain goods they could not produce themselves.
(R) This practice made them dependent on traders and moneylenders, leading to debt and poverty.

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Category: Sold produce in local markets or exchanged goods.

22. Which of the following was a common activity of the Khonds in the forests of Orissa?

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Category: Herding and Animal Rearing

23. What was the primary occupation of the Bakarwals of Kashmir?

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Category: Herding and Animal Rearing

24. (A) The Van Gujjars of the Punjab hills were pastoralists who herded cattle.
(R) Pastoralists moved with their herds according to the seasons when the grass was exhausted.

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Category: Van Gujjars (Punjab), Gaddis (Himachal), Bakarwals (Kashmir) raised livestock.

25. What is the primary reason for the seasonal migration of pastoralist tribal groups like the Van Gujjars and Bakarwals?

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Category: Van Gujjars (Punjab), Gaddis (Himachal), Bakarwals (Kashmir) raised livestock.

26. (A) The Van Gujjars of Punjab hills were cattle herders who moved with their herds according to the seasons.
(R) They practiced pastoralism because it allowed them to move to new areas when the grass in one place was exhausted.

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Category: Settled Cultivation

27. (A) The Mundas of Chottanagpur practiced settled cultivation and the land belonged to the clan as a whole.
(R) All members of the clan were regarded as descendants of the original settlers, who had first cleared the land.

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Category: Settled Cultivation

28. Why did British officials consider settled tribal groups like the Gonds and Santhals more civilised compared to hunter-gatherers or shifting cultivators?

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Category: Some tribes took up plough cultivation.

29. What was the British perception of settled tribal groups like the Gonds and Santhals compared to hunter-gatherers or shifting cultivators?

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Category: Some tribes took up plough cultivation.

30. (A) The Mundas of Chottanagpur practiced settled cultivation and had collective land rights because they were descendants of the original settlers.
(R) The British officials considered settled tribal groups like the Gonds and Santhals more civilised than hunter-gatherers or shifting cultivators.

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Category: Mundas of Chotanagpur viewed land as belonging to the entire clan.

31. What happened to power dynamics within the clan as some members became more powerful?

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Category: Mundas of Chotanagpur viewed land as belonging to the entire clan.

32. What was the view of the Mundas of Chotanagpur regarding land ownership?

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Category: Tribal Dependence on Traders and Moneylenders

33. How did many tribal groups view traders and moneylenders?

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Category: Tribal Dependence on Traders and Moneylenders

34. What was the primary reason for the economic exploitation of tribal silk growers in Hazaribagh during the 18th century?

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Category: Tribals needed to buy grains and goods not produced in forests.

35. Why did tribal groups often end up in debt when dealing with traders and moneylenders?

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Category: Tribals needed to buy grains and goods not produced in forests.

36. From where did tribal groups get their supplies of rice and other grains?

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Category: Traders charged high prices, moneylenders gave loans at high interest rates.

37. What was a major consequence of tribal groups taking loans from moneylenders?

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Category: Traders charged high prices, moneylenders gave loans at high interest rates.

38. (A) Tribal groups often viewed traders and moneylenders as their main enemies because of the exploitation they faced in trade and loans.
(R) Traders and moneylenders charged high prices for goods and gave loans at exorbitant interest rates, leading to debt and poverty among tribal communities.

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Category: Resulted in debt and land loss.

39. (A) Tribal groups often fell into debt due to high-interest loans from moneylenders.
(R) Moneylenders charged very high interest rates on the loans they provided to tribal people.

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Category: Resulted in debt and land loss.

40. How did the silk growers in Hazaribagh perceive the middlemen involved in the silk trade during the 18th century?

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Category: How Did Colonial Rule Affect Tribal Lives?

41. What was the impact of British forest laws on tribal groups?

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Category: How Did Colonial Rule Affect Tribal Lives?

42. Under British rule, what significant change occurred regarding the authority of tribal chiefs?

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Category: Impact on Tribal Chiefs

43. (A) Under British rule, tribal chiefs lost their administrative powers and were forced to follow laws made by British officials.
(R) The British wanted to centralize power and reduce the authority of local leaders to ensure better control over the territories.

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Category: Impact on Tribal Chiefs

44. (A) Under British rule, tribal chiefs were allowed to retain their land titles and rent out lands.
(R) The British aimed to maintain control over tribal regions by using tribal chiefs as intermediaries.

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Category: British reduced their powers.

45. What did British rule require tribal chiefs to do regarding tribal groups?

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Category: British reduced their powers.

46. What was one significant change in the role of tribal chiefs under British rule?

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Category: Forced to follow British laws and pay tribute.

47. What was one economic obligation imposed on tribal chiefs by the British?

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Category: Forced to follow British laws and pay tribute.

48. What impact did British laws have on the traditional functions of tribal chiefs?

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Category: Lost authority over their own people.

49. How did the traditional functions of tribal chiefs change under British rule?

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Category: Lost authority over their own people.

50. (A) Under British rule, tribal chiefs retained their traditional functions and authority over their people.
(R) The British allowed tribal chiefs to maintain their land titles and rent out lands, which ensured their continued influence.

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Category: Shifting Cultivators and British Rule

51. What did the British want tribal groups to become?

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Category: Shifting Cultivators and British Rule

52. (A) The British encouraged shifting cultivators to settle down because it made them easier to control and administer.
(R) Settled peasants provided a regular revenue source for the state, which was important for British administration.

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Category: British wanted tribals to adopt settled farming.

53. (A) The British introduced land settlements to ensure a regular revenue source and control over tribal groups.
(R) Settled plough cultivation was more productive than jhum cultivation in all regions of India.

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Category: British wanted tribals to adopt settled farming.

54. What was a major issue faced by jhum cultivators when they adopted plough cultivation?

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Category: Introduced land revenue settlements.

55. (A) The British land revenue settlements led to the loss of traditional land rights for many tribal communities.
(R) The British introduced land settlements to define individual rights and create a regular revenue source for the state.

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Category: Introduced land revenue settlements.

56. What was the primary purpose of the land revenue settlements introduced by the British in colonial India?

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Category: Many shifting cultivators suffered as land was infertile for settled farming.

57. Why did the British effort to settle jhum cultivators fail in north-east India?

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Category: Many shifting cultivators suffered as land was infertile for settled farming.

58. Why did the British want tribal groups to settle down and become peasant cultivators?

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Category: Forest Laws and Their Impact

59. Which of the following was a significant reaction of tribal groups against the colonial forest laws in the 1930s?

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Category: Forest Laws and Their Impact

60. Why did many tribal groups see the market and traders as their main enemies during the nineteenth century?

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Category: British declared forests as state property.

61. What was the primary economic consequence of declaring certain forests as Reserved Forests under British rule?

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Category: British declared forests as state property.

62. (A) The British declaration of forests as state property led to the displacement of tribal communities from their traditional habitats.
(R) The British aimed to ensure a regular supply of cheap labour for the Forest Department by establishing forest villages.

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Category: Reserved forests restricted tribals from collecting forest products.

63. Why did the Forest Department establish forest villages?

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Category: Reserved forests restricted tribals from collecting forest products.

64. (A) The British reserved forests primarily to ensure a steady supply of timber for their needs.
(R) The reservation of forests led to the displacement of tribal communities as they were restricted from accessing forest resources essential for their livelihood.

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Category: British introduced forest villages where tribals had to work as laborers.

65. (A) The British established forest villages to ensure a regular supply of cheap labour for the Forest Department.
(R) The British needed a steady workforce for cutting trees and transporting logs, which led to the creation of forest villages.

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Category: British introduced forest villages where tribals had to work as laborers.

66. Why did the British classify some forests as Reserved Forests?

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Category: Forced Labor and Plantation Work

67. (A) Tribals were recruited in large numbers to work at tea plantations and coal mines during colonial rule.
(R) Contractors paid tribals high wages and allowed them to return home frequently.

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Category: Forced Labor and Plantation Work

68. (A) The tribals recruited for tea plantations in Assam and coal mines in Jharkhand during the colonial period were often prevented from returning home by contractors.
(R) Contractors paid tribals such low wages that they could not afford to travel back to their homes.

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Category: Tribals recruited for tea plantations in Assam and coal mines in Jharkhand.

69. (A) Tribals recruited for tea plantations in Assam and coal mines in Jharkhand were paid fair wages by the contractors.
(R) The contractors ensured that the tribals could return home whenever they wished.

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Category: Tribals recruited for tea plantations in Assam and coal mines in Jharkhand.

70. What was a significant factor that prevented tribals recruited for tea plantations in Assam from returning to their homes?

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Category: Low wages and poor living conditions.

71. How much were silk growers paid for a thousand cocoons in Hazaribagh during the colonial period?

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Category: Low wages and poor living conditions.

72. What percentage of miners in the Jharia and Raniganj coal mines of Bihar were tribals in the 1920s?

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Category: Tribals and the Market Economy

73. Which of the following rebellions was led by Birsa Munda?

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Category: Tribals and the Market Economy

74. In which industries were tribals predominantly recruited during the late nineteenth century?

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Category: Tribals forced to grow cash crops like lac and silk.

75. What was one of the primary reasons the British declared forests as state property?

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Category: Tribals forced to grow cash crops like lac and silk.

76. During colonial rule, the Santhals of Hazaribagh were involved in silk production. If a trader paid \$\ 3 for a thousand cocoons and sold them at five times the price, what was the effective loss per thousand cocoons to the Santhals due to the trader's profit?

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Category: Santhals in Jharkhand grew silk cocoons for European markets.

77. During the British colonial period, the Santhals of Jharkhand were involved in silk cocoon production. If a trader collected 10,000 cocoons from the Santhals and paid them \4 per thousand cocoons, how much did the Santhals earn in total?

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Category: Santhals in Jharkhand grew silk cocoons for European markets.

78. Who were the middlemen in the silk trade during the colonial period and what was their role?

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Category: Middlemen made huge profits while tribals remained poor.

79. (A) Middlemen made huge profits while tribal silk growers earned very little.
(R) The middlemen arranged deals between the exporters and silk growers, buying cocoons at low prices and selling them at much higher prices.

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Category: Middlemen made huge profits while tribals remained poor.

80. What was the primary reason tribal groups saw traders and the market as their main enemies during colonial rule?

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Category: The search for work

81. What was a major reason for tribals migrating far from their homes during the late 19th century?

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Category: The search for work

82. What was the approximate annual death rate of workers in the coal mines of India during the 1920s?

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Category: The problem with trade

83. In the 18th century, Indian silk exports increased rapidly due to high demand in European markets. If the export quantity doubled every 5 years, starting with 1,000 tons in 1750, what was the export quantity in 1760?

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Category: The problem with trade

84. What was the main reason tribal groups saw traders and moneylenders as their enemies?

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Category: Tribal Rebellions Against British Rule

85. What was the primary political aim of the Birsa Munda movement against British rule?

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Category: Tribal Rebellions Against British Rule

86. What was the primary reason for Birsa Munda\'s movement against the British and dikus in the late 19th century?

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Category: Resistance Against Colonial Policies

87. Which tribal group did Verrier Elwin visit in the 1930s to understand their customs and practices?

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Category: Resistance Against Colonial Policies

88. Which rebellion broke out in 1910 in central India?

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Category: Kols Rebellion (1831–32): Protest against British interference in their lands.

89. (A) The Kols rebelled in 1831–32 primarily due to the exploitation by British land policies and interference in their traditional lands.
(R) The British introduced new laws and taxes that disrupted the Kols' way of life, leading to widespread discontent.

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Category: Santhal Revolt (1855–56): Led against British revenue policies.

90. (A) The Santhal Revolt of 1855–56 was successful in overthrowing British colonial rule.
(R) The Santhals were able to unite all tribal groups in India under a single leadership.

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Category: Bastar Rebellion (1910): Revolt against forest laws.

91. Which of the following activities were prohibited for tribal groups under British forest laws?

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Category: Warli Revolt (1940): Resistance against moneylenders and landlords.

92. Which tribal community led the Warli Revolt in 1940?

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Category: The Birsa Munda Movement

93. Which of the following practices did Birsa Munda urge his followers to stop?

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Category: Vision of a Golden Age

94. Who were referred to as "dikus" in the context of Birsa Munda's movement?

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Category: Political Aims of the Movement

95. Which symbol was raised by Birsa's followers as a sign of Birsa Raj?

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Category: Revolt Against the British (1895–1900)

96. How did Birsa Munda use traditional symbols and language to mobilize his followers against the dikus and Europeans?

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Category: Birsa was captured and died in jail (1900).

97. What was the primary political aim of the Birsa Munda movement?

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Category: Impact of the Birsa Munda Movement

98. Which of the following reforms did Birsa Munda advocate for tribal society?

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Category: British Introduced Land Laws

99. What was one of the major reasons for the Birsa Munda Movement against the British?

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Category: Chotanagpur Tenancy Act (1908): Prevented tribals from losing land to outsiders.

100. What was one significant impact of the Birsa Munda Movement on the colonial government?

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Category: Strengthened Tribal Identity

101. What was the cause of Birsa Munda’s death in 1900?

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Category: Inspired future tribal resistance movements.

102. What was one of the main reasons that inspired tribal movements like the Birsa Munda movement in the late 19th century?

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