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Class 7 Science Chapter 3 Electricity: Circuits and their Components

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I. Chapter Summary:

This chapter explores the basics of electricity, focusing on how electric circuits are formed and how various components work together to allow electric current to flow. It introduces key elements such as electric cells, wires, bulbs, switches, and their functions in a circuit. Students learn to identify series and parallel circuits, understand the importance of switches, and experiment with simple circuit setups.

II. Key Concepts Covered:

• Electric Current: Flow of electric charge through a conductor.

• Electric Circuit: A closed path through which electric current flows.

• Components of Circuit: Includes electric cells (battery), wires, bulbs (load), switches, and resistors.

• Switch: Device to open or close a circuit, controlling the flow of current.

• Series Circuit: Components connected in a single path; current is the same throughout.

• Parallel Circuit: Components connected on separate branches; voltage across each is the same.

• Conductors and Insulators: Materials that allow or prevent current flow.

• Effect of Circuit Design: How the arrangement affects brightness and operation of bulbs.

III. Important Questions:

(A) Multiple Choice Questions (1 Mark):

1. Which component is used to open or close an electric circuit?
   a) Bulb
   b) Switch
   c) Cell
   d) Wire
   Answer: b) Switch
   (PYQ 2022)

2. In a series circuit, the current is:
   a) Different in each component
   b) The same through all components
   c) Zero
   d) Varies randomly
   Answer: b) The same through all components

3. Which of these is a conductor?
   a) Rubber
   b) Copper
   c) Plastic
   d) Wood
   Answer: b) Copper

4. A bulb glows when:
   a) Circuit is open
   b) Circuit is closed
   c) Switch is off
   d) There is no cell
   Answer: b) Circuit is closed

(B) Short Answer Questions (2/3 Marks):

1. Define an electric circuit.

2. What is the role of a switch in a circuit?

3. Differentiate between series and parallel circuits.

4. Name three components of a simple electric circuit.

(C) Long Answer Questions (5 Marks):

1. Explain with a diagram how a bulb glows in a circuit.

2. Describe the difference between conductors and insulators with examples.

3. Draw and explain a simple series circuit and a parallel circuit.

4. What happens if one bulb in a series circuit burns out? Explain.

(D) HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) Questions:

1. If a switch is connected in parallel to a bulb, how will it affect the circuit?

2. How does adding more bulbs in series affect the brightness of each bulb? Why?

IV. Key Formulas/Concepts:

• Electric Circuit: Closed loop for current flow.

• Series Circuit: Current (I) is constant; Voltage (V) divides.

• Parallel Circuit: Voltage (V) is constant; Current (I) divides.

• Switch: Opens/closes circuit to control current.

• Conductors: Materials that allow flow of electrons (e.g., copper, aluminum).

• Insulators: Materials that resist electron flow (e.g., rubber, plastic).

V. Deleted Portions (CBSE 2025–2026):

No portions have been deleted from this chapter as per the rationalized NCERT textbooks.

VI. Chapter-Wise Marks Bifurcation (Estimated – CBSE 2025–2026):

VII. Previous Year Questions (PYQs):

• 2023: MCQ on switch function (1 mark)

• 2021: Short answer on series circuit (3 marks)

• 2020: Long answer explaining bulb glowing with diagram (5 marks)

• 2019: HOTS question on effect of adding bulbs in series (3 marks)

VIII. Real-World Application Examples to Connect with Topics:

• Wiring systems in homes using switches and bulbs.

• Use of batteries (cells) in portable devices like remote controls and flashlights.

• Circuit breakers as safety devices preventing electric hazards.

• Designing efficient lighting circuits in industries using series and parallel arrangements.

IX. Student Tips & Strategies for Success:

• Practice drawing circuit diagrams and labeling components clearly.

• Perform simple experiments to observe current flow and effect of switches.

• Memorize differences between series and parallel circuits.

• Relate concepts to everyday electrical devices for better understanding.

X. Career Guidance & Exploration:

• For Classes 9–10:

  • Builds foundation for careers in electrical engineering, electronics, and physics.

  • Helpful for competitive exams like NTSE, Olympiads, and science fairs.

• For Classes 11–12:

  • Essential for advanced studies in engineering (electrical, electronics), applied physics, and technology fields.

  • Entrance exams: JEE, NEET (physics portion), and other technical entrance tests.

XI. Important Notes:

• Always check for updates from CBSE and NCERT websites regularly.

• Emphasize understanding circuit operations through practical experiments.

• Consistent revision improves grasp of circuit concepts and prepares for board exams effectively.