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Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Chang

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I. Chapter Summary:

This chapter focuses on the phase of adolescence, which marks the transition from childhood to adulthood. It explores the physical, emotional, and psychological changes that occur during this period. The chapter discusses puberty, hormonal changes, and the importance of maintaining hygiene and health. It also highlights the social and emotional challenges adolescents face and how to cope with them positively.

II. Key Concepts Covered:

• Adolescence: The period of life between childhood and adulthood, characterized by rapid physical and mental development.

• Puberty: The stage during adolescence when the body undergoes specific physical changes enabling reproduction.

• Secondary Sexual Characteristics: Traits that appear during puberty, such as growth of facial hair in boys, breast development in girls, voice changes, and body hair growth.

• Hormones: Chemical substances like testosterone and estrogen that regulate changes in the adolescent body.

• Emotional and Psychological Changes: Mood swings, increased sensitivity, and a growing sense of identity.

• Personal Hygiene: The importance of maintaining cleanliness to prevent infections during this phase.

• Healthy Lifestyle: Balanced diet, regular exercise, and sufficient sleep to support growth and well-being.

• Handling Social and Emotional Challenges: Coping strategies for peer pressure, self-esteem issues, and communication with family and friends.

III. Important Questions:

(A) Multiple Choice Questions (1 Mark):

1. What marks the beginning of adolescence?
   a) Birth
   b) Puberty
   c) Old age
   d) Infancy
   Answer: b) Puberty

2. Which hormone is responsible for changes in boys during adolescence?
   a) Estrogen
   b) Testosterone
   c) Insulin
   d) Adrenaline
   Answer: b) Testosterone

3. Secondary sexual characteristics in girls include:
   a) Voice deepening
   b) Facial hair growth
   c) Breast development
   d) Increased height
   Answer: c) Breast development

4. Why is personal hygiene important during adolescence?
   a) To look good
   b) To prevent infections
   c) To stop growth
   d) None of these
   Answer: b) To prevent infections

(B) Short Answer Questions (2/3 Marks):

1. Define adolescence.

2. Name two secondary sexual characteristics in boys and girls.

3. Why do adolescents experience mood swings?

4. Mention two ways to maintain good hygiene during adolescence.

(C) Long Answer Questions (5 Marks):

1. Explain the physical and emotional changes that occur during adolescence.

2. Describe the role of hormones in adolescent development.

3. How can teenagers maintain good health and hygiene during adolescence?

4. Discuss some common social challenges faced by adolescents and ways to overcome them.

(D) HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) Questions:

1. How can understanding adolescence help parents and teachers support teenagers better?

2. Why is it important to develop emotional resilience during adolescence?

IV. Key Formulas/Concepts:

• Adolescence: Transition phase marked by rapid growth and development.

• Hormones: Chemical messengers like testosterone and estrogen controlling bodily changes.

• Secondary Sexual Characteristics: Features that develop during puberty but are not directly involved in reproduction.

• Personal Hygiene: Practices to keep the body clean and healthy.

• Emotional Changes: Psychological developments including mood swings and self-awareness.

V. Deleted Portions (CBSE 2025–2026):

No portions have been deleted from this chapter as per the rationalized NCERT textbooks.

VI. Chapter-Wise Marks Bifurcation (Estimated – CBSE 2025–2026):

VII. Previous Year Questions (PYQs):

• 2023: MCQ on secondary sexual characteristics (1 mark)

• 2022: Short answer on hormonal changes (3 marks)

• 2020: Long answer on hygiene during adolescence (5 marks)

• 2019: HOTS on emotional changes during adolescence (3 marks)

VIII. Real-World Application Examples to Connect with Topics:

• Understanding puberty helps teenagers cope with physical changes confidently.

• Schools conduct awareness programs on adolescent health and hygiene.

• Emotional support systems like counseling assist adolescents in managing stress.

• Balanced diet and exercise regimes recommended by health experts for growing teens.

IX. Student Tips & Strategies for Success:

• Keep a personal hygiene routine (daily bathing, oral care, clean clothes).

• Maintain a balanced diet rich in proteins, vitamins, and minerals.

• Share feelings with trusted family members or counselors.

• Practice regular physical activity and ensure adequate sleep.

• Prepare for exams with short, regular study sessions and revision.

X. Career Guidance & Exploration:

• For Classes 9–10:

  • Foundation for careers in psychology, healthcare, nutrition, and counseling.

  • Useful for Olympiads and NTSE foundation.

• For Classes 11–12:

  • Relevant for biology, medicine, psychology, social work, and allied health sciences.

  • Important for NEET, JEE, CUET preparation.

XI. Important Notes:

• Stay updated with CBSE official guidelines and NCERT syllabus changes.

• Focus on understanding rather than rote learning for holistic growth.

• Emotional well-being is as important as physical health during adolescence.