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Class 8 Social Science (Social and Political Life) Chapter 7 Public Facilities

Chapter 7 of Class 8 Social Science, Public Facilities, explores the importance of basic services and infrastructure that are essential for the well-being of society. It discusses key public facilities such as water, sanitation, healthcare, education, and electricity, highlighting how these services are crucial for ensuring a healthy and prosperous life. The chapter emphasizes that these facilities must be accessible and affordable to all citizens, as they form the foundation of social equality and development. It also addresses the challenges faced in providing these services, such as inadequate infrastructure, pollution, and unequal access in rural and urban areas. The chapter encourages students to understand the role of the government in providing these services and the importance of responsible consumption and sustainable practices to improve public facilities for future generations.

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Category: Introduction to Public Facilities

1. According to the Indian Constitution, which of the following is a part of the Right to Life?

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Category: Introduction to Public Facilities

2. (A) The Indian Constitution recognises the right to water, health, and education as part of the Right to Life, making it the government's responsibility to provide these public facilities equitably.
(R) The government finances public facilities primarily through taxes collected from the people and partly by charging a price for these services to ensure affordability.

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Category: Introduction to Public Facilities

3. If the Central Government’s tax revenue is $6 trillion and 19\% of it comes from income tax, what is the amount collected from income tax?

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Category: Definition of Public Facilities

4. What does universal access to a public facility imply?

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Category: Definition of Public Facilities

5. (A) The government must ensure that public facilities are accessible to all citizens at affordable rates because private companies often prioritize profit over universal access.
(R) Private companies operate for profit and may exclude those who cannot afford their services, which is against the constitutional right to life.

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Category: Definition of Public Facilities

6. (A) The government must ensure the provision of public facilities because they relate to people’s basic needs.
(R) The Indian Constitution guarantees the Right to Life, which includes access to water, health, and education.

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Category: Importance of Public Facilities

7. Which of the following statements best explains why the government is responsible for providing public facilities?

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Category: Importance of Public Facilities

8. (A) The government is responsible for ensuring that public facilities are accessible to all citizens.
(R) Public facilities are essential for meeting people's basic needs and are a part of the Right to Life guaranteed by the Indian Constitution.

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Category: Importance of Public Facilities

9. What is the main source of revenue for the government to fund public facilities?

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Category: Water and the People of Chennai

10. What are the primary sources of water for households in Chennai based on the given description?

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Category: Water and the People of Chennai

11. What is a significant consequence of private companies buying water from farmers around Chennai?

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Category: Water and the People of Chennai

12. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a source of water for households in Chennai?

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Category: Water as Part of the Fundamental Right to Life

13. (A) The right to safe drinking water is a Fundamental Right under Article 21 of the Constitution of India.
(R) The Constitution of India recognises the right to water as being a part of the Right to Life, ensuring universal access to water for all individuals.

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Category: Water as Part of the Fundamental Right to Life

14. Which of the following diseases can be prevented by access to safe drinking water?

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Category: Water as Part of the Fundamental Right to Life

15. In the context of the Fundamental Right to Life under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution, which of the following statements best encapsulates the judicial interpretation of the right to water?

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Category: Water as a Public Facility

16. A city has two localities: Locality A has 20,000 residents and receives 50 million litres of water per month, while Locality B has 30,000 residents and receives 60 million litres of water per month. Which locality has a lower per capita water supply?

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Category: Water as a Public Facility

17. (A) The Constitution of India explicitly mentions the right to water as a Fundamental Right under Article 21.
(R) The Constitution of India recognises the right to water as part of the Right to Life, ensuring every citizen has access to sufficient water for daily needs.

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Category: Water as a Public Facility

18. (A) The Constitution of India recognises the right to water as a part of the Right to Life under Article 21.
(R) This recognition ensures that every citizen, regardless of their economic status, has access to sufficient amounts of safe drinking water at an affordable price.

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Category: Case Study: Water Supply in Chennai

19. Which group of people in Chennai are most affected by the shortage of water?

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Category: Case Study: Water Supply in Chennai

20. According to the Urban Water Commission, what is the standard daily water supply per person in urban areas, and how does this compare to the consumption in slums versus luxury hotels?

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Category: Case Study: Water Supply in Chennai

21. (A) The burden of water shortages in Chennai falls disproportionately on the poor.
(R) Wealthy individuals can afford private solutions like borewells, tankers, and bottled water, while the poor rely solely on municipal supply.

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Category: Different Water Situations in Different Areas

22. In Chennai, which of the following areas receives municipal water once in two days?

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Category: Different Water Situations in Different Areas

23. (A) In Chennai, the burden of water shortages falls more on the poor than on the middle class.
(R) The middle class can afford private means like borewells and tankers to cope with water shortages.

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Category: Different Water Situations in Different Areas

24. What is a common source of water in rural areas?

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Category: Water as a Fundamental Right

25. In 2007, which court directed the Mahbubnagar district collector to supply 25 litres of water to each person in the village due to water contamination?

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Category: Water as a Fundamental Right

26. (A) The Indian Constitution guarantees the right to water as part of the Right to Life under Article 21.
(R) Despite this constitutional guarantee, the poor often face challenges in accessing safe drinking water due to economic disparities and inequitable distribution of resources.

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Category: Water as a Fundamental Right

27. In which year did the Andhra Pradesh High Court restate that the right to safe drinking water is a Fundamental Right?

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Category: Inequality in Water Access

28. What is a significant factor contributing to the shortage of public water supply in rural areas?

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Category: Inequality in Water Access

29. According to the syllabus, access to safe drinking water in Chennai is largely determined by affordability. If the cost of safe drinking water for a wealthy individual is $20 per month and for a low-income individual is $2 per month, what percentage of the wealthy individual's expenditure does the low-income individual spend on safe drinking water?

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Category: Inequality in Water Access

30. (A) The privatization of water supply in urban areas leads to equitable distribution of water resources.
(R) Private companies prioritize profit over universal access to water, resulting in increased water prices and reduced affordability for the poor.

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Category: Other Public Facilities

31. Why are towns and villages often under-provided with public facilities compared to metros and large cities?

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Category: Other Public Facilities

32. What is the primary reason the government must bear the responsibility of providing public facilities?

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Category: Other Public Facilities

33. What is the primary responsibility of the government regarding public facilities?

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Category: Healthcare and Sanitation

34. (A) The government must ensure universal access to public facilities like healthcare and sanitation.
(R) Public facilities are essential for a decent life, and private companies may not provide them at an affordable rate for everyone.

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Category: Healthcare and Sanitation

35. (A) The government’s role in providing public facilities like healthcare is crucial because private companies may not provide these services at an affordable rate for all.
(R) Private companies operate for profit and may not undertake non-profit activities such as running anti-malaria campaigns or ensuring universal access to healthcare.

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Category: Healthcare and Sanitation

36. What is the primary reason for the disparity in access to sanitation facilities between urban and rural areas in India?

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Category: Electricity

37. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) emphasize the importance of conserving resources like electricity. Which of the following strategies would be most effective in promoting electricity conservation in rural areas?

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Category: Electricity

38. (A) The rural household electrification rate in India has reached 96\% by 2022.
(R) This improvement is due to increased government investments and private sector participation in electricity distribution.

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Category: Electricity

39. (A) The government must assume overall responsibility for public facilities even when it gets private companies to do part of the job.
(R) Private companies may not ensure equitable distribution of public facilities.

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Category: Public Transport

40. A city is planning to invest in a new metro rail system costing $10 billion, while an alternative plan suggests upgrading the public bus system for $2 billion. If the metro rail system can serve 1 million passengers daily and the upgraded bus system can serve 500,000 passengers daily, which option aligns better with the principles of sustainable development considering cost-effectiveness and accessibility?

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Category: Public Transport

41. If Rs 11,000 crore was spent on constructing the first segment of the Delhi Metro, what could be a potential argument against this expenditure?

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Category: Public Transport

42. A government has allocated $5 billion for public transport projects. If 60\% of this budget is spent on metro rail systems and the remaining 40\% on upgrading bus systems, what is the ratio of expenditure on metro rail to bus systems, and how does this allocation impact the overall efficiency of public transport?

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Category: Schools and Colleges

43. Who is primarily responsible for providing public facilities like schools and hospitals in India?

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Category: Schools and Colleges

44. Why is the government responsible for providing public facilities like schools?

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Category: Schools and Colleges

45. (A) The Indian Constitution guarantees the Right to Education for all children aged 6-14 years.
(R) This ensures that schooling facilities are equally available to all children, promoting equity in education.

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Category: Government’s Role in Public Facilities

46. Why is the government responsible for providing public facilities such as clean drains and anti-malaria campaigns?

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Category: Government’s Role in Public Facilities

47. Why is it essential for the government to ensure the provision of public facilities rather than leaving it entirely to private companies?

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Category: Government’s Role in Public Facilities

48. How does the government fund the provision of public facilities?

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Category: Why the Government Should Provide Public Facilities

49. Why is the government responsible for providing public facilities like clean water and sanitation?

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Category: Why the Government Should Provide Public Facilities

50. (A) The government must provide public facilities because private companies operate for profit and may not ensure affordability for all.
(R) Public facilities are essential for meeting people’s basic needs, and the government is responsible for ensuring these facilities are available to everyone.

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Category: Why the Government Should Provide Public Facilities

51. What is the primary source of revenue for the government to fund public facilities?

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Category: Public vs. Private Provision of Facilities

52. What is a significant drawback of private companies providing public facilities?

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Category: Public vs. Private Provision of Facilities

53. Why must the government assume the overall responsibility for public facilities even when private companies are involved in their provision?

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Category: Public vs. Private Provision of Facilities

54. What constitutional right supports the government’s responsibility to provide public facilities?

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Category: Water Supply to Chennai: Is it Available to All?

55. In Chennai, the water supply is marked by shortages and inequalities. Which of the following statements best explains why private companies are increasingly filling the gap in municipal water supply?

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Category: Water Supply to Chennai: Is it Available to All?

56. (A) The middle class in Chennai can cope with water shortages through private means such as borewells and buying water from tankers.
(R) The poor in Chennai are more affected by water shortages because they lack the financial resources to access private water solutions.

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Category: Water Supply to Chennai: Is it Available to All?

57. What are the primary sources of water for households in rural areas as mentioned in the chapter?

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Category: Funding for Public Facilities

58. What percentage of the Central Government's total revenue is derived from GST and other taxes as per the Union Budget 2024-25?

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Category: Funding for Public Facilities

59. What is the primary source of revenue for the government to fund public facilities?

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Category: Funding for Public Facilities

60. If the total revenue of the Central Government in 2024-25 is $200 billion, what percentage of this revenue comes from Non-Tax Revenue and Borrowings and other Liabilities combined?

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Category: Government Budget and Taxation

61. The government plans to allocate 20\% of its budget to interest payments, 16\% to central sector schemes, and 6\% to subsidies. If the total budget is $100 billion, how much is allocated to these three areas combined?

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Category: Government Budget and Taxation

62. The central government's tax revenue comes from various sources. If the government collects $19 billion from income tax and $17 billion from corporation tax, what percentage of the total tax revenue (assumed to be $100 billion) do these two sources contribute?

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Category: Government Budget and Taxation

63. According to the Indian Constitution, what age group has the Right to Education guaranteed?

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Category: User Charges and Accessibility

64. (A) The government charges higher rates for greater use of water to ensure equitable access to this essential resource.
(R) Higher charges for increased water usage help the government generate sufficient revenue to cover the costs of water treatment and distribution.

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Category: User Charges and Accessibility

65. (A) The government charges a higher rate for greater use of water to encourage conservation.
(R) Charging higher rates for increased water usage helps in reducing wastage and ensures sustainable use of resources.

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Category: User Charges and Accessibility

66. If the Central Government plans to spend $100 billion in the coming year and borrowings and other liabilities account for 28\% of its revenue, how much money will the government receive from borrowings and other liabilities?

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Category: Challenges in Public Facilities

67. (A) The shortage of water in Chennai affects the poor more severely than the middle class.
(R) The middle class can cope with water shortages through private means like borewells and tankers, while the poor cannot afford such alternatives.

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Category: Challenges in Public Facilities

68. What is the primary reason for the government's role in providing public facilities like water, health, and education?

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Category: Shortages and Inequality in Distribution

69. (A) The burden of water shortages in Chennai falls mostly on the poor because they lack the financial resources to access private water supply options.
(R) The middle class in Chennai are able to cope with water shortages by utilizing private means such as digging borewells, buying water from tankers, and using bottled water for drinking.

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Category: Shortages and Inequality in Distribution

70. In Chennai, private companies buy water from farmers in nearby towns and villages to supply the city. What is one major impact of this practice on the local communities from which the water is sourced?

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Category: The Role of Private Companies

71. What is a potential drawback of allowing private companies to take over water supply in urban areas?

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Category: The Role of Private Companies

72. (A) The government should withdraw from the task of supplying water and let private companies take over.
(R) Private companies can perform better in supplying water compared to the government.

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Category: The Issue of Water Privatization

73. What is a major concern when private companies take over water supply, as seen in global examples?

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Category: The Issue of Water Privatization

74. (A) The privatization of water supply often leads to increased inequality in access to water.
(R) Private companies prioritize profit over equitable distribution, resulting in unaffordable water prices for the poor.

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Category: Global and National Examples of Public Facilities

75. Which of the following is a global example where public water supply was handed over to private companies, leading to protests and riots?

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Category: Global and National Examples of Public Facilities

76. How does the Mumbai water supply department manage its financial sustainability?

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Category: Public Water Supply in Porto Alegre (Brazil)

77. (A) The water department in Porto Alegre has achieved universal access to safe water.
(R) Universal access to safe water is the main reason behind the lower number of infant deaths in Porto Alegre.

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Category: Public Water Supply in Porto Alegre (Brazil)

78. What is the significance of public meetings in the water department's decision-making process in Porto Alegre?

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Category: Water Privatization in Bolivia

79. Which of the following is a key lesson learned from the water privatization issue in Bolivia?

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Category: Water Privatization in Bolivia

80. (A) The privatization of water supply in Bolivia led to a steep rise in water prices.
(R) Private companies aim to maximize profits, which often results in higher prices for essential services.

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Category: Success Cases in India (Mumbai, Hyderabad, Chennai)

81. (A) The privatisation of water supply in Chennai has led to a reduction in water inequality among its residents
(R) Private companies are more efficient in distributing resources and ensuring equitable access to all social classes.

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Category: Success Cases in India (Mumbai, Hyderabad, Chennai)

82. In Chennai, rainwater harvesting initiatives have been implemented to address water shortages. What is the primary goal of such initiatives?

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Category: Solutions and Alternatives

83. Which of the following initiatives by the Chennai water supply department has contributed to improving the groundwater level?

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Category: Solutions and Alternatives

84. (A) Private companies should take over water supply because they can perform better than the government.
(R) In cases where private companies have taken over water supply, there has been a steep rise in the price of water, making it unaffordable for many.

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Category: Government Regulations

85. Which of the following is a key responsibility of the government in regulating economic activities?

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Category: Government Regulations

86. Why is the enforcement of existing laws crucial in protecting market participants?

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Category: Community Participation

87. What could be a potential negative outcome if the government withdraws from the task of supplying water and private companies take over?

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Category: Community Participation

88. According to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), ensuring universal access to safe and affordable drinking water by 2030 requires which of the following strategies?

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Category: Sustainable Development and Conservation

89. (A) Universal access to safe water is essential for reducing infant mortality rates.
(R) Safe drinking water prevents water-related diseases, which are a major cause of infant deaths.

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Category: Sustainable Development and Conservation

90. (A) Privatization of water supply can lead to inequalities in access to water.
(R) Private companies prioritize profit over equitable distribution of resources.

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Category: Sanitation and Its Importance

91. (A) The provision of sanitation facilities is directly linked to the prevention of water-borne diseases.
(R) Proper sanitation prevents contamination of water sources by human waste, which is a major cause of water-borne diseases.

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Category: Sanitation and Its Importance

92. According to official figures from 2011, what percentage of households in India had access to sanitation facilities?

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Category: Impact of Poor Sanitation on Health

93. According to the 2011 official figures, what percentage of households in India had access to sanitation facilities?

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Category: Impact of Poor Sanitation on Health

94. Which organization has been working to address the problem of sanitation in India by constructing community and household toilets?

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Category: Role of NGOs like Sulabh International

95. (A) Sulabh International has significantly improved sanitation access for the poor in India.
(R) Sulabh constructs and maintains community toilet blocks using government funds and user charges.

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Category: Role of NGOs like Sulabh International

96. Why might the lack of access to proper sanitation facilities impact women and girls more acutely?

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Category: Need for Equitable Distribution

97. (A) The government is the only entity responsible for providing public facilities because private companies operate for profit and may not ensure equitable distribution.
(R) Public facilities like sanitation and education are essential for a decent life, and their equitable distribution is necessary to uphold the Right to Life as per the Indian Constitution.

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Category: Need for Equitable Distribution

98. What is a significant challenge in the equitable distribution of public facilities between rural and urban areas?

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Category: Government’s Responsibility

99. Which of the following statements accurately reflects the current state of rural household electrification in India according to NFHS–5 (2019–22)?

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Category: Government’s Responsibility

100. According to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS–5), what percentage of rural households were electrified by 2022?

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