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Class 8 Social Science (Our Past III) Chapter 4 Tribals, Dikus And the Vision Of A Golden Age

In this quiz, students will explore the historical and social dynamics discussed in Chapter 4 of Class 8 Social Science (Our Past III), titled "Tribals, Dikus, and the Vision of a Golden Age." The chapter delves into the lives of tribal communities, their interactions with outsiders (referred to as 'Dikus'), and the impact of colonial rule on their traditions and way of life. It also examines the vision of a utopian golden age that many tribal communities sought as a means of resisting exploitation and cultural disruption. Through this quiz, students will gain a deeper understanding of the challenges faced by tribal people, including land alienation, forced labor, and the attempts to preserve their culture and autonomy. The quiz will assess knowledge on the historical events, key figures, and the socio-political movements that arose in response to these struggles. This assessment aims to reinforce the students' grasp of the chapter's themes while promoting critical thinking about the long-term effects of colonialism on indigenous populations.

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Category: Introduction

1. Why did tribal groups practicing jhum cultivation leave fields fallow for several years?

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Category: Who was Birsa Munda?

2. Which of the following was a significant outcome of Birsa Munda's movement?

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Category: Tribal leader from the Munda community in Chotanagpur (Jharkhand).

3. What was the primary political aim of Birsa Munda's movement in the late 19th century?

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Category: Led a movement to free his people from the oppression of the dikus (outsiders).

4. What was Birsa Munda’s primary aim in leading the movement against the dikus?

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Category: Believed in restoring the tribal way of life.

5. Which of the following reforms did Birsa Munda advocate for within the tribal society?

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Category: Who were the Dikus?

6. Who were referred to as "dikus" by the tribal people?

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Category: Term used by tribals for outsiders (moneylenders, traders, landlords, missionaries, British officials).

7. (A) The term "dikus" was used by tribals to refer to moneylenders, traders, landlords, missionaries, and British officials.
(R) Dikus were seen as outsiders who exploited the tribal people and disrupted their traditional way of life.

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Category: Seen as exploiters and destroyers of the tribal way of life.

8. What was the main objective of Birsa Munda's movement?

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Category: How Did Tribal Groups Live?

9. What was a significant social impact of settled cultivation among tribal groups like the Mundas of Chottanagpur?

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Category: Different Occupations of Tribals

10. How did the British officials view settled tribal groups compared to shifting cultivators or hunter-gatherers?

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Category: Jhum Cultivation (Shifting Cultivation)

11. What is the primary reason for burning vegetation in jhum cultivation?

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Category: Practiced in forests, involved clearing land by burning vegetation.

12. (A) Jhum cultivation was sustainable because it allowed the soil to recover its fertility over time.
(R) The practice of leaving fields fallow for several years ensured that the soil regained its nutrients naturally.

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Category: Seeds scattered instead of ploughing.

13. What was the primary purpose of burning vegetation during jhum cultivation?

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Category: Common in northeast and central India.

14. How did the practice of shifting cultivation help tribal groups maintain soil fertility in forested areas?

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Category: Hunting and Gathering

15. Why were the Baigas of central India reluctant to work as labourers for others?

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Category: Hunting and Gathering

16. (A) The Khonds depended on forests for their survival, as they used forest produce for food, medicine, and trade.
(R) The Khonds saw forests as essential because they provided all the resources necessary for their livelihood.

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Category: Khonds of Orissa were expert hunters and gatherers.

17. What was the primary source of food for the Khonds of Orissa?

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Category: Khonds of Orissa were expert hunters and gatherers.

18. What was a unique feature of the Khonds' hunting practices that distinguished them from other tribal groups?

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Category: Collected forest products (fruits, roots, medicinal herbs).

19. According to Verrier Elwin, what activity did Baiga women perform during the Chait month?

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Category: Collected forest products (fruits, roots, medicinal herbs).

20. (A) The Khonds relied on the forest for their sustenance and livelihood, including hunting, gathering, and selling forest produce.
(R) The forests provided essential resources such as fruits, roots, medicinal herbs, and materials like kusum and palash flowers, which were vital for the Khonds' survival and economic activities.

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Category: Sold produce in local markets or exchanged goods.

21. (A) Tribal groups often sold forest produce in local markets to obtain goods they could not produce themselves.
(R) This practice made them dependent on traders and moneylenders, leading to debt and poverty.

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Category: Sold produce in local markets or exchanged goods.

22. Why did tribal groups often view traders and moneylenders as evil outsiders?

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Category: Herding and Animal Rearing

23. Which tribal group from Andhra Pradesh is associated with herding animals?

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Category: Herding and Animal Rearing

24. How did the lifestyle of pastoralist tribes like the Gaddis differ from that of agricultural communities?

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Category: Van Gujjars (Punjab), Gaddis (Himachal), Bakarwals (Kashmir) raised livestock.

25. Which of the following tribal groups practiced seasonal migration with their herds in search of fresh grazing lands?

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Category: Van Gujjars (Punjab), Gaddis (Himachal), Bakarwals (Kashmir) raised livestock.

26. (A) The Van Gujjars of Punjab and the Bakarwals of Kashmir were primarily involved in herding cattle and goats respectively, moving seasonally in search of fresh pastures.
(R) Seasonal migration allowed pastoralists to ensure their livestock had access to fresh grass and water, which was essential for their survival.

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Category: Settled Cultivation

27. (A) The Mundas of Chottanagpur practiced settled cultivation, and the land belonged to the clan as a whole.
(R) All members of the Munda clan were regarded as descendants of the original settlers, who had first cleared the land, giving them collective rights over it.

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Category: Settled Cultivation

28. How did British officials view settled tribal groups compared to hunter-gatherers or shifting cultivators?

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Category: Some tribes took up plough cultivation.

29. How did British officials view settled tribal groups compared to hunter-gatherers or shifting cultivators?

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Category: Some tribes took up plough cultivation.

30. What was the British perception of settled tribal groups like the Gonds and Santhals compared to hunter-gatherers or shifting cultivators?

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Category: Mundas of Chotanagpur viewed land as belonging to the entire clan.

31. Why did the Mundas of Chotanagpur transition from shifting cultivation to settled cultivation by using the plough?

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Category: Mundas of Chotanagpur viewed land as belonging to the entire clan.

32. The Mundas of Chotanagpur viewed land as belonging to the entire clan. What was the primary reason for this belief?

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Category: Tribal Dependence on Traders and Moneylenders

33. What was the main reason tribal silk growers earned very little from their produce?

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Category: Tribal Dependence on Traders and Moneylenders

34. (A) The silk growers in Hazaribagh were paid significantly lower prices for their cocoons compared to the market value.
(R) The traders and middlemen exploited the tribal silk growers by paying them minimal amounts and making huge profits from the resale of the cocoons.

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Category: Tribals needed to buy grains and goods not produced in forests.

35. How did tribal groups primarily meet their cash needs?

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Category: Tribals needed to buy grains and goods not produced in forests.

36. From where did tribal groups get their supplies of rice and other grains?

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Category: Traders charged high prices, moneylenders gave loans at high interest rates.

37. How much were silk growers paid for a thousand cocoons in Hazaribagh?

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Category: Traders charged high prices, moneylenders gave loans at high interest rates.

38. Why did tribal groups often depend on traders and moneylenders?

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Category: Resulted in debt and land loss.

39. Why did tribal groups become dependent on traders and moneylenders?

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Category: Resulted in debt and land loss.

40. Why were the Baigas of central India reluctant to work as labourers for others?

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Category: How Did Colonial Rule Affect Tribal Lives?

41. What was a significant consequence of the British declaring forests as state property?

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Category: How Did Colonial Rule Affect Tribal Lives?

42. (A) Under British rule, tribal chiefs lost their administrative powers and were forced to follow laws made by British officials.
(R) The British wanted to centralize control over tribal territories and ensure regular revenue collection.

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Category: Impact on Tribal Chiefs

43. Which of the following best describes the change in the role of tribal chiefs under British rule?

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Category: Impact on Tribal Chiefs

44. How did the economic status of tribal chiefs change under British rule?

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Category: British reduced their powers.

45. What did British rule require tribal chiefs to do regarding tribal groups?

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Category: British reduced their powers.

46. What was one major change in the powers of tribal chiefs under British rule?

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Category: Forced to follow British laws and pay tribute.

47. How did the enforcement of British laws affect the traditional functions of tribal chiefs?

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Category: Forced to follow British laws and pay tribute.

48. (A) Under British rule, tribal chiefs were allowed to retain their land titles and rent out lands but lost their administrative power.
(R) The British wanted to centralize control and ensure that the tribal chiefs disciplined tribal groups on their behalf.

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Category: Lost authority over their own people.

49. How did the authority of tribal chiefs change under British rule?

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Category: Lost authority over their own people.

50. (A) Tribal chiefs lost much of their administrative power during British rule.
(R) The British forced tribal chiefs to follow laws made by British officials and pay tribute to them.

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Category: Shifting Cultivators and British Rule

51. How did the British ensure a regular supply of cheap labour for the Forest Department?

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Category: Shifting Cultivators and British Rule

52. (A) The British introduced land settlements to make tribal groups easier to control.
(R) Settled peasants were easier to administer than shifting cultivators.

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Category: British wanted tribals to adopt settled farming.

53. (A) The British wanted to settle tribal groups to make them easier to control and administer.
(R) Settled peasants were easier to control and administer than people who were always on the move.

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Category: British wanted tribals to adopt settled farming.

54. Why did the British introduce land settlements in tribal areas?

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Category: Introduced land revenue settlements.

55. Why did jhum cultivators in north-east India insist on continuing their traditional practice despite British efforts to settle them?

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Category: Introduced land revenue settlements.

56. Under the British land revenue settlements, who was responsible for paying rent to the landowners?

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Category: Many shifting cultivators suffered as land was infertile for settled farming.

57. Why did many jhum cultivators suffer when they took to plough cultivation under British rule?

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Category: Many shifting cultivators suffered as land was infertile for settled farming.

58. What was the primary reason for jhum cultivators insisting on continuing their traditional practice despite British efforts?

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Category: Forest Laws and Their Impact

59. Why did many tribal groups see the market and traders as their main enemies during the nineteenth century?

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Category: Forest Laws and Their Impact

60. Why were jhum cultivators forced to move to other areas during the colonial period?

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Category: British declared forests as state property.

61. Why did the British establish forest villages in colonial India?

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Category: British declared forests as state property.

62. (A) The British declared forests as state property to control timber production and restrict tribal activities.
(R) The British needed a regular supply of cheap labour for the Forest Department, which led to the establishment of forest villages.

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Category: Reserved forests restricted tribals from collecting forest products.

63. How did the restriction on jhum cultivation affect tribal communities under British rule?

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Category: Reserved forests restricted tribals from collecting forest products.

64. Why did the Forest Department establish forest villages?

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Category: British introduced forest villages where tribals had to work as laborers.

65. How did the British forest laws affect the traditional lifestyle of tribal groups?

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Category: British introduced forest villages where tribals had to work as laborers.

66. What was the primary reason the British established forest villages?

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Category: Forced Labor and Plantation Work

67. What was the role of contractors in the recruitment of tribals for work during the colonial period?

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Category: Forced Labor and Plantation Work

68. (A) Tribals were recruited in large numbers to work at tea plantations and coal mines during colonial rule.
(R) Contractors paid tribals high wages and allowed them to return home frequently.

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Category: Tribals recruited for tea plantations in Assam and coal mines in Jharkhand.

69. How were tribals recruited for work in tea plantations and coal mines during colonial rule?

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Category: Tribals recruited for tea plantations in Assam and coal mines in Jharkhand.

70. (A) Tribals were recruited in large numbers to work at the tea plantations of Assam and the coal mines of Jharkhand.
(R) They were paid high wages and allowed to return home frequently.

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Category: Low wages and poor living conditions.

71. What was a significant reason for the high mortality rate among tribal workers in the coal mines during the 1920s?

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Category: Low wages and poor living conditions.

72. How much were silk growers paid for a thousand cocoons in Hazaribagh during the colonial period?

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Category: Tribals and the Market Economy

73. What was a major consequence of tribals being recruited for work in tea plantations and coal mines?

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Category: Tribals and the Market Economy

74. Why did tribal groups often fall into debt under colonial rule?

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Category: Tribals forced to grow cash crops like lac and silk.

75. (A) The British colonial rule forced tribal groups to grow cash crops like silk to meet the demand in European markets.
(R) The East India Company encouraged silk production because Indian silk was highly valued in European markets.

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Category: Tribals forced to grow cash crops like lac and silk.

76. What was one of the main reasons tribal groups saw traders as their enemies during colonial rule?

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Category: Santhals in Jharkhand grew silk cocoons for European markets.

77. (A) The Santhals in Jharkhand grew silk cocoons primarily for the European markets.
(R) Indian silk was in high demand in European markets during the eighteenth century.

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Category: Santhals in Jharkhand grew silk cocoons for European markets.

78. Which of the following best describes the impact of colonial trade policies on tribal groups like the Santhals?

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Category: Middlemen made huge profits while tribals remained poor.

79. How did the economic practices of traders and middlemen affect the lives of tribal silk growers in Hazaribagh?

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Category: Middlemen made huge profits while tribals remained poor.

80. In the context of the silk trade during the 18th century, what was the primary role of the East India Company?

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Category: The search for work

81. What was a significant hazard faced by tribal workers in the coal mines of Jharia and Raniganj during the 1920s?

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Category: The search for work

82. What was the approximate annual death rate of workers in the coal mines of India during the 1920s?

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Category: The problem with trade

83. What was the main reason tribal groups saw traders and moneylenders as their enemies?

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Category: The problem with trade

84. What was the economic impact of colonial trade practices on silk growers in Hazaribagh?

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Category: Tribal Rebellions Against British Rule

85. What was the primary political aim of the Birsa Munda movement against British rule?

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Category: Tribal Rebellions Against British Rule

86. What was the primary reason for Birsa Munda\'s movement against the British and dikus in the late 19th century?

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Category: Resistance Against Colonial Policies

87. What was one of the main reasons the British declared forests as state property?

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Category: Resistance Against Colonial Policies

88. What was the primary political aim of Birsa Munda's movement against British rule?

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Category: Kols Rebellion (1831–32): Protest against British interference in their lands.

89. (A) The Kols Rebellion of 1831–32 was primarily a response to the British interference in their agricultural practices and land rights.
(R) The British policies during this period led to widespread displacement and exploitation of tribal communities, forcing them into labor in tea plantations and mines.

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Category: Santhal Revolt (1855–56): Led against British revenue policies.

90. Who were the leaders of the Santhal Revolt (1855–56)?

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Category: Bastar Rebellion (1910): Revolt against forest laws.

91. Why did the British establish forest villages?

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Category: Warli Revolt (1940): Resistance against moneylenders and landlords.

92. What was one of the major issues faced by the Warli tribe that led to the revolt in 1940?

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Category: The Birsa Munda Movement

93. Which of the following practices did Birsa Munda urge his followers to stop?

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Category: Vision of a Golden Age

94. During the 19th and 20th centuries, various tribal groups rebelled against the British rule for different reasons. Which of the following was a common cause for these rebellions?

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Category: Political Aims of the Movement

95. Which significant outcome resulted from the Birsa Munda Movement?

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Category: Revolt Against the British (1895–1900)

96. What significant change did the Birsa Munda movement force the colonial government to introduce?

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Category: Birsa was captured and died in jail (1900).

97. What was the primary reason for the British government's decision to arrest Birsa Munda in 1895?

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Category: Impact of the Birsa Munda Movement

98. (A) Birsa Munda's movement aimed to establish a Munda Raj by driving out missionaries, moneylenders, landlords, and the British government.
(R) The movement identified these forces as the cause of the misery faced by the Mundas.

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Category: British Introduced Land Laws

99. (A) The Birsa Munda movement was significant because it forced the colonial government to introduce laws protecting tribal lands.
(R) The movement’s actions directly led to the British enacting legislation to prevent the exploitation of tribal land by dikus.

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Category: Chotanagpur Tenancy Act (1908): Prevented tribals from losing land to outsiders.

100. What was one of the key outcomes of the Birsa Munda Movement that directly impacted land ownership in tribal areas?

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Category: Strengthened Tribal Identity

101. (A) The Birsa Munda movement was primarily aimed at restoring the traditional land system of the tribals.
(R) The British land policies and the encroachment by dikus had severely disrupted the tribal land ownership patterns.

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Category: Inspired future tribal resistance movements.

102. What was one major impact of the Birsa Munda Movement on colonial laws?

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