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Class 7 Science Chapter 4 The World of Metals and Non-metals

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I. Chapter Summary:

This chapter introduces students to the basic properties and characteristics of metals and non-metals. It explains how metals and non-metals differ in appearance, physical properties such as conductivity and malleability, and chemical properties such as reactivity with oxygen, water, and acids. The chapter also explores how metals react with non-metals to form compounds and touches upon the uses of metals and non-metals in everyday life.

II. Key Concepts Covered:

• Metals and Non-metals: Basic classification based on physical and chemical properties.

• Physical Properties of Metals: Lustre, malleability, ductility, conductivity, sonorous nature.

• Physical Properties of Non-metals: Dull appearance, brittle nature, poor conductors of heat and electricity.

• Chemical Properties of Metals: Reaction with oxygen (forming oxides), water, acids, and displacement reactions.

• Chemical Properties of Non-metals: Reaction with oxygen (forming acidic oxides), hydrogen, and metals.

• Reactivity Series of Metals: Arrangement based on reactivity, explaining displacement reactions.

• Uses of Metals and Non-metals: Applications in daily life and industries.

• Corrosion: The process by which metals are gradually destroyed by chemical reactions with air or water.

III. Important Questions:

(A) Multiple Choice Questions (1 Mark):

1. Which of the following is a physical property of metals?
   a) Brittle
   b) Dull
   c) Malleable
   d) Poor conductor
   Answer: c) Malleable
   (PYQ 2023)

2. Which non-metal is used to make pencils?
   a) Sulphur
   b) Carbon
   c) Phosphorus
   d) Oxygen
   Answer: b) Carbon

3. Which metal reacts vigorously with cold water?
   a) Copper
   b) Sodium
   c) Iron
   d) Gold
   Answer: b) Sodium

4. Rusting is an example of:
   a) Corrosion
   b) Oxidation
   c) Combustion
   d) Reduction
   Answer: a) Corrosion

(B) Short Answer Questions (2/3 Marks):

1. List three physical properties of metals.

2. What happens when metals react with acids?

3. Define corrosion with an example.

4. Differentiate between metals and non-metals based on conductivity.

(C) Long Answer Questions (5 Marks):

1. Explain the reaction of metals with oxygen and give examples of metal oxides formed.

2. Describe the reactivity series of metals and its importance.

3. Discuss the uses of metals and non-metals in daily life with examples.

4. Explain how displacement reactions occur with suitable examples.

(D) HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) Questions:

1. Why do some metals like gold and silver not corrode easily?

2. How can corrosion of iron be prevented? Discuss at least two methods.

IV. Key Formulas/Concepts:

• Metal Oxide Formation: Metal + Oxygen → Metal Oxide (e.g., 4Fe + 3O₂ → 2Fe₂O₃)

• Reactivity Series: An arrangement of metals in order of decreasing reactivity.

• Corrosion: The gradual destruction of metals due to chemical reactions with air and moisture.

• Displacement Reaction: A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its compound.

V. Deleted Portions (CBSE 2025–2026):

No portions have been deleted from this chapter as per the rationalized NCERT textbooks.

VI. Chapter-Wise Marks Bifurcation (Estimated – CBSE 2025–2026):

VII. Previous Year Questions (PYQs):

• 2023: MCQ on malleability of metals (1 mark)

• 2021: Short answer on corrosion (3 marks)

• 2020: Long answer on reactivity series (5 marks)

• 2019: HOTS question on preventing rusting (3 marks)

VIII. Real-World Application Examples to Connect with Topics:

• Use of copper and aluminum in electrical wiring due to good conductivity.

• Iron and steel in construction and infrastructure.

• Use of non-metals like sulfur in manufacturing matches and fertilizers.

• Preventing corrosion in automobiles and pipelines to increase lifespan.

IX. Student Tips & Strategies for Success:

• Make flashcards of physical and chemical properties of metals and non-metals for quick revision.

• Perform simple home experiments like testing conductivity using metals and non-metals.

• Understand displacement reactions by practical observation and relate to reactivity series.

• Link everyday uses of metals and non-metals to remember their properties better.

X. Career Guidance & Exploration:

• For Classes 9–10:

  • Useful foundation for careers in chemical engineering, metallurgy, materials science, and environmental science.

  • Helps in competitive exams like NTSE, Olympiads, and school science fairs.

• For Classes 11–12:

  • Crucial for higher studies in chemistry, chemical technology, and industrial engineering.

  • Relevant for NEET, JEE, and other technical entrance examinations.

XI. Important Notes:

• Always check official CBSE and NCERT updates before exams.

• Practical knowledge enhances theoretical understanding; conduct experiments if possible.

• Focus on understanding concepts rather than rote learning for long-term retention.